Global VAT Rates 2025 [Updated Worldwide Tax Guide]
Value Added Tax (VAT), also known as Goods and Services Tax (GST) in some regions, is a key indirect tax applied on goods and services worldwide. Rates vary greatly from country to country, some exceeding 25%, while others remain at 0%.
To help businesses, travelers, and finance professionals stay informed, we’ve compiled the latest 2025 global VAT rates, including standard and reduced rates where available.
This up-to-date table highlights recent changes, ensuring you always have the most accurate tax information at a glance.
| Country | Standard Rate | Reduced Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan (AF) | 10% | 2% |
| Albania (AL) | 20% | 6% |
| Algeria (DZ) | 19% | 14% or 9% or 0% |
| Andorra (AD) | 4.5% | 1% or 0% |
| Angola (AO) | 14% | — |
| Anguilla (AI) | 0% | — |
| Argentina (AR) | 21% | 10.5% or 2.5% or 0% |
| Aruba (AW) | 6% | 3% |
| Australia (AU) | 10% | — |
| Austria (AT) | 20% | 13% or 10% or 0% |
| Azerbaijan (AZ) | 18% | 0% |
| Bahamas (BS) | 12% | 0% |
| Bahrain (BH) | 5% | 0% |
| Bangladesh (BD) | 15% | 10% or 7.5% or 5% or 4.5% or 2.25% or 1.5% |
| Barbados (BB) | 17.5% | 10% or 0% |
| Belarus (BY) | 20% | — |
| Belgium (BE) | 21% | 12% or 6% or 0% |
| Bermuda (BM) | 0% | — |
| Bolivia (BO) | 13% | 0% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (BA) | 17% | 0% |
| Brazil (BR) | 17% | 12% or 7% or 0% |
| Bulgaria (BG) | 20% | 9% or 0% |
| Cameroon (CM) | 19.5% | 0% |
| Canada (CA) | 12% | 7% or 5% |
| Cape Verde (CV) | 15% | — |
| Chile (CL) | 19% | — |
| China (CN) | 13% | 9% or 6% |
| Colombia (CO) | 19% | 5% or 0% |
| Cook Islands (CK) | 15% | 0% |
| Costa Rica (CR) | 13% | 10% or 5% |
| Croatia (HR) | 25% | 13% or 5% or 0% |
| Curacao (CW) | 5% | — |
| Cyprus (CY) | 19% | 9% or 5% or 0% |
| Czech Republic (CZ) | 21% | 12% (single reduced) |
| Denmark (DK) | 25% | 0% (books) |
| Djibouti (DJ) | 10% | — |
| Dominica (DM) | 15% | 10% |
| Dominican Republic (DO) | 18% | 13% |
| Ecuador (EC) | 12% | 0% |
| Egypt (EG) | 14% | 5% or 0% |
| Estonia (EE) | 24% | 13% or 9% or 0% |
| Ethiopia (ET) | 15% | 0% |
| Fiji (FJ) | 9% | — |
| Finland (FI) | 25.5% | 14% or 10% or 0% |
| France (FR) | 20% | 10% or 5.5% or 2.1% or 0% |
| Germany (DE) | 19% | 7% or 0% |
| Ghana (GH) | 12.5% | 5% or 3% |
| Gibraltar (GI) | 0% | — |
| Greece (GR) | 24% | 13% or 6% or 0% |
| Guam (GU) | 2% | — |
| Guinea (GN) | 14% | — |
| Guyana (GY) | 14% | — |
| Honduras (HN) | 18% | 15% |
| Hungary (HU) | 27% | 18% or 15% or 0% |
| Iceland (IS) | 24% | 11% or 0% |
| India (IN) | 28% | 18% or 12% or 5% or 0% |
| Indonesia (ID) | 11% (general) / 12% (luxury items) | 0% (certain essentials) |
| Iran (IR) | 8% | — |
| Ireland (IE) | 23% | 13.5% or 9% or 4.8% or 0% |
| Israel (IL) | 17% | 7.5% or 0% |
| Italy (IT) | 22% | 10% or 5% or 4% or 0% (plus a specific 5% for some art sales) |
| Jamaica (JM) | 15% | 0% |
| Japan (JP) | 10% | 8% or 0% |
| Jordan (JO) | 16% | 8% |
| Kazakhstan (KZ) | 12% | 0% |
| Kenya (KE) | 16% | 0% |
| Kosovo (RS) | 18% | 8% |
| Kuwait (KW) | 0% | — |
| Kyrgyzstan (KG) | 12% | — |
| Latvia (LV) | 21% | 12% or 5% or 0% |
| Lebanon (LB) | 11% | — |
| Liberia (LR) | 10% | 0% |
| Lithuania (LT) | 21% | 9% or 5% or 0% |
| Luxembourg (LU) | 17% | 14% or 8% or 3% or 0% |
| Macedonia (MK) | 18% | — |
| Madagascar (MG) | 20% | — |
| Malawi (MW) | 16.5% | — |
| Malaysia (MY) | 10% | 6% or 5% |
| Malta (MT) | 18% | 7% or 5% or 0% |
| Mauritius (MU) | 15% | 0% |
| Mexico (MX) | 16% | 0% |
| Moldova (MD) | 20% | — |
| Monaco (MC) | 20% | 10% or 5.5% or 2.1% or 0% |
| Montenegro (ME) | 21% | 7% or 0% |
| Morocco (MA) | 20% | 14% or 10% or 7% or 0% |
| Namibia (NA) | 15% | — |
| Nepal (NP) | 15% | — |
| Netherlands (NL) | 21% | 9% or 0% |
| New Zealand (NZ) | 15% | 9% or 0% |
| Nigeria (NG) | 7.5% | 0% |
| Norway (NO) | 25% | 15% or 11.1% or 6% or 0% |
| Oman (OM) | 0% | — |
| Pakistan (PK) | 17% | 0% |
| Panama (PA) | 7% | 0% |
| Paraguay (PY) | 10% | 5% |
| Peru (PE) | 18% | — |
| Philippines (PH) | 18% | 12% or 0% |
| Poland (PL) | 23% | 8% or 5% or 0% |
| Portugal (PT) | 23% | 13% or 6% or 0% |
| Puerto Rico (PR) | 11.5% | 4% |
| Qatar (QA) | 0% | — |
| Romania (RO) | 19% | 9% or 5% or 0% |
| Russian Federation (RU) | 20% | 10% or 0% |
| Sao Tome and Principe (ST) | 0% | — |
| Saudi Arabia (SA) | 15% | 0% |
| Serbia (RS) | 20% | 10% or 0% |
| Seychelles (SC) | 15% | — |
| Singapore (SG) | 7% | 0% |
| Slovakia (SK) | 23% | 19% or 5% or 0% |
| Slovenia (SL) | 22% | 9.5% or 5% or 0% |
| South Africa (ZA) | 15% | 0% |
| South Korea (KR) | 10% | 0% |
| South Sudan (SS) | 10% | — |
| Spain (ES) | 21% | 10% or 4% or 0% |
| Sri Lanka (LK) | Varied | 18% on foreign digital services (from Oct 2025) |
| St Lucia (LC) | 15% | 7% |
| Suriname (SR) | 10% | 8% |
| Sweden (SE) | 25% | 12% or 6% or 0% |
| Switzerland (CH) | 7.7% | 3.7% or 2.5% or 0% |
| Taiwan (TW) | 5% | 0% |
| Tanzania (TZ) | 18% | 0% |
| Thailand (TH) | 7% | 0% |
| Togo (TG) | 18% | — |
| Trinidad and Tobago (TT) | 12.5% | — |
| Tunisia (TN) | 19% | 13% or 7% or 0% |
| Turkey (TR) | 18% | 8% or 1% or 0% |
| Uganda (UG) | 18% | — |
| Ukraine (UA) | 20% | 7% or 0% |
| United Arab Emirates (AE) | 5% | 0% |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 20% | 5% or 0% |
| Uruguay (UY) | 22% | 10% or 0% |
| Uzbekistan (UZ) | 15% | 0% |
| Vanuatu (VU) | 15% | 0% |
| Venezuela (VE) | 16% | 8% |
| Vietnam (VN) | 10% (headline) / 8% (temporary reduced extended) | 5% (other) |
| Zambia (ZM) | 16% | — |
| Zimbabwe (ZW) | 14.5% | — |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Global VAT Rates
Which country has the highest VAT rate in 2025?
Hungary currently holds the highest standard VAT rate at 27%, followed by countries like Denmark, Sweden, and Norway with rates around 25%.
Which countries have 0% VAT?
Some countries and territories, such as the USA (which uses state sales tax instead of VAT), Hong Kong, Bermuda, and the Cayman Islands, have no VAT/GST.
Has VAT changed in 2025?
Yes, several countries updated their rates in 2025. For example, Slovakia increased its rate, while Estonia and Finland adjusted theirs in line with EU reforms.
What is the average VAT rate worldwide?
Globally, the average VAT/GST rate is between 15-21%, depending on the region. The EU average in 2025 is about 21%.
Does the United States have VAT?
No. The United States doesn’t have a national VAT. Instead, it applies sales tax at the state level, which varies from 0% to over 10%.
Why do VAT rates differ so much across countries?
VAT is set by national governments. Higher rates often fund stronger public services, while some nations keep rates lower to attract businesses and tourism.
